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How EPLUN works. The mechanism of medical action:

SKIN - SKIN Protection. WOUNDS -  WOUNDS treatment. BURNS - BURNS Treatment.

 

Wounds treatment is the well enough investigated area of medicine, and it would be incorrect to repeat well-known things on pages of this site once again. Nevertheless, using the theory of wound process, it is possible to explain work of Medication EPLUN at all stages of wounds treatment of any etiology.

EPLUN is issued for the civil market since 1997 and has already proved the efficiency in many areas of our life. But there is a question: how one medication can be so universal? Or it is advertizing gimmicks of the manufacturer? How EPLUN can regenerate fabrics, accelerate the process of healing wounds, burns, to protect respiratory organs from toxic defeats, to protect a skin on manufacture, to treat an itch of a skin and thus to be absolutely safe? Let's find out.

Wounds are those damages of an integument about which each person knows firsthand. Small wounds and traumas are our constant companions. How to behave in more serious situations?

FOREARMED IS FEREARMED.

Let's read this page up to the end?

The medicine isn't an exact mathematical science. It is impossible to isolate any certain symptoms of illness, to make the table or the mathematical formula and to define a precisely treatment technique on its basis. The distant treatments don't exist. There are lots of specific features, etiologies, its development and the factors influencing the wound process. That`s why only skilled doctor can appoint treatment. This article shouldn't be considered as a management for self-treatment.

To treat wounds effectively means to understand the wound process. Consult with your attending doctor.

SKIN. THE SKIN STRUCTURE. SKIN FUNCTIONING.

The skin is one of the most difficult, subjected with the strongest physical and physiological loadings organ of our body. A skin is the largest organ of our body. The difficult structure of a skin with it`s numerous vessels, nerves, grease and sweat glands is necessary for certain functions.

The skin is:

- Prevention of the liquid loss by an organism;
- Protection of viscus from negative influence of external influences;
- Ability to estimate pressure, a touch and vibration. The nervous terminations and receptors inform an organism about the temperature and pain influence;
- Barrier functions. It is protection against bacteria and microorganisms;
- Protection against influence of ultra-violet radiation;
- Support of optimum body temperature.

The skin consists of two layers: EPIDERMIS and DERMIS. Under these layers there is a hypodermic fatty cellulose.

EPIDERMIS is the top thin layer of a skin without blood vessel (has no own blood supply). Epidermis receives sypply from a capillary channel of dermis at the expense of nutrients diffusion. Epidermis consists of numerous layers of live cells over which there are died cells. It is possible to present layers of Epidermis so:

 

1.Basale.	1. Basale lamina(a germinal layer). The lowest layer of Epidermis. Consists of the cells capable to regenerate (cellular division) - cylindrical keratinocytes. The basale lamina provides constant regeneration of Epidermis, however cellular division is regulated by some factors: hormones, vitamins, chalones. Chalons are the simple substances suppressing growth and regulating work of Basael lamina. Because of chalons basal cells have the limited growth (cell growth). Under Basale lamina there is basal membrane separating Basale lamina from Dermis.
2.Spinosum.	2. Spinosum. Contains to 6 layers of cells of the wrong form. Possess small activity to cellular division (the limited mitotic activity).
3.Granulosum.	3. Granulosum. In this layer Epidermis cells dying off  begins. Contains to 3 layers of cells.
4.Lucidum.	4. Lucidum. The lucidum layer consists of denuclearized cells in which intensive enzyme activity is observed. In the lucidum layer lanolin is formed. Lanolin is rich with fats and proteins the substance with high factor of light refraction, looks as a homogeneous dense lucidum layer which has entitled this layer of cells. The lucidum layer protects an organism from influence of various water solutions.
5.Cornified.	5.Cornified. Cornified layer  consists of denuclearized cells (keratin is a protein that has high mechanical strength and the protective function), which are called stratum corneum. Cells of the stratum corneum lie with some overlap like masonry and firmly connected with each with very thin fibers (epitheliofibril). Cornified cell layer is from 15 to 20 layers of cells, and the outer layer is constantly lost in the form of separated skin flakes.

So, in a general view Epidermis works so: in the lowest, Basale layer cells constantly divide. After division one of again formed cells goes in the next Epidermis layer. From layer to layer cells lose touch with the nutrients arriving from Dermis, and lose ability to divide. The closer the cell comes to a skin surface, the stronger external factors of environment start to operate, cells` filling with keratins happens, the cell loses a nucleus and turns in flake of a cornified layer.

The cornified, top layer of epidermis, easily passes low-molecular substances as, for example, oxygen from natural environment. Bacteria which have considerably bigger sizes, aren't capable to overcome the top layer of Epidermis, that`s why Epidermis is that protection of a skin which is optimum for an organism. The processes of lowest basal layer cells division proceed in a balanced way, regulated with chalons, gradual transition of cells to the top layers, transformation in keratin flakes and, at last, losing external flakes in a cornified layer. The regeneration of Epidermis lasts from 10 till 30 days.

High durability of Epidermis works as a good barrier to various substances and doesn't allow them to get into an organism. It concerns and the majority of cosmetic means.

Eplun is a skin protection mean. Eplun is capable to get into the top layers of Epidermis, to fill free intercellular space of Epidermis completely and to create an additional barrier layer which provides skin protection for long time. Protection of a skin after processing by Eplan remains till 8 hours.

Eplun doesn't break intercellular connection of the cornified layer of a skin, therefore a skin doesn't lose the durability and natural protective functions.

During infliction of Eplun on the intact skin: Eplun doesn't get into deep layers of epidermis (Basal layer) and doesn't influence on natural cells growth of Epidermis, doesn't change water and lipid skin balance.

 

DERMIS is a framework, actually a skin, which provides its mechanical properties: elasticity, durability and an extensibility. These properties are provided with the connecting fabric having elastic fibres Elastin, allowing Dermis to stretch, and the collagenic fibres strengthening Dermis.

Following structures are located in Dermis: blood vessels, sweat glands, the nervous terminations, roots of hair with sebaceous glands.

Deeper is the hypodermic fatty cellulose - hypodermis. It amortizes the action of mechanical factors on a skin, participates in skin temperature regulation. In this part of skin there are congestions of the fatty cells divided by bunches of collagenic fibres.

 CHALONS. A LITTLE ABOUT THE MECHANISM OF CELLULAR CYCLE REGULATION.

 Researches in the field of skin regeneration and the general mechanisms of cellular cycle work are conducted from the middle of the last century. R.Weiss and J.Kavanau, W.S.Bullough and Т Rytomaa, V.I.Prilutsky and J.A.Romanov are founders of the cell division theory. P. Nurse, Leland H. Harwell and R. Timothy Hunt are modern researchers of principles of separate cells regulation work and an organism as a whole.

Impairment of cells division process (impairment of a cells mitosis) is a source of not only oncological diseases. The limited regeneration leads to cells` aging and organism aging as a whole. At traumas and pathologies the low regeneration of fabrics considerably extends recover process.

Outstanding examples of self-repair are known for everyone: the torn off tails, the damaged heart, a spinal cord at the amphibious are restored (repair) in very short terms. What signals does the organism give to the fabrics to start growing, what is the growth factor?

But first about a cells living process. The cell is elementary unit of all live organisms. All live consists of cells. Regeneration, reproduction of a cell by a mitosis method occurs so: the genetic material is reproduced in a cell (it provides genetic identity of daughter cells), then the cage shares.

Process of cells division from the of start of the mechanism before direct division is called proliferation.

Proliferation it is regulated as with the cell, so with it`s surrounding. The main signal for start of the cells division mechanism is given by a plasmatic membrane of a cell. The membrane has special receptors which estimate «surrounding conditions» round a cell on the surface and start the process of proliferation. These signals can proceed from the next cells, and also from interaction of cells with the various connections, stimulating the introduction into a cellular cycle. These connections are called growth factors.

Substances limiting cell fission also exist in fabric. It is chalons.

Chalons are the substances containing in fabric (simple proteins or glycoproteins), specifically suppressing cell division and DNA synthesis in this fabric. Chalons don't possess specificity. Chalons action is in suppression or delay of cell division speed in those fabrics which develop them. For example, chalons of Basal layer of Epidermis operate only on Epidermis.

Cells regeneration is described with the model of growth regulation. This model explains how an organism fabric carry out self-control. Any fabrics capable to regenerate consist of two kinds of cells: cells capable to divide and cells, not able to divide: proliferating and the differentiated cells. The behavior of proliferating cells is coped with differentiated cells: chalons are developed in the differentiated cells and operate on the cells, capable to divide – on proliferating cells. If because of any reasons the quantity of the differentiated functioning cells decreases (for example, after a trauma), braking action of chalons weakens and number of population is restored. It also provides balance between a gain and a decrease of fabrics, explains regeneration process.

 

Eplun is the catalyst of skin regeneration. Action of Eplun as medication for skin regeneration, skin restoration, is caused by presence of lanthanoids in its structure.

Lanthanoids influence the process of cells proliferation. Inflicting Eplun on the damaged skin, starts process of lanthanoids influence on proliferating skin cells membranes that leads to stimulation of their cellular division.

Eplun can`t be considered as an inhibitor of chalons activity in fabric, therefore its action is local, has no aftereffect after application.

 

WOUNDS.

Wound is any open damage connected with infringement of skin cover integrity or mucous membranes, with possible destruction of lower fabrics. Wound healing is wound process of damaged fabric restoration: restoration of its integrity and durability.

Wounds are dangerous first of all because of bleeding, and, as result anemia development. As a result of the shock received with wound, there can be a dysfunction of organs. Depending on the wound reasons (a wound etiology) and the size of a wound infection can get in an organism. The problem of an intoxication of an organism is especially important at big areas of burn wounds.

WOUNDS INFECTIONS.

Any wound is initially infected – this is the standard position in medicine. Wound occurrence is accompanied by its bacterial impurity. Especially it concerns wounds of a mechanical origin: insision, abrasion, laseration, etc. Bacteria, microorganisms, getting into a wound, breed and allocate harmful poisonous substances. The further development of an infection depends on degree of pathogenesity of bacteria (pathogenicity, virulence), quantities of the microorganisms which get into a wound, immediately undertaken preventive actions for clearing a wound, a condition of immune system of the victim.

In process of healing a wound the organism makes active protective mechanisms. Nevertheless, the healing wound can be exposed to a secondary infection until is restored epithelium. Infringement of antiseptic processing of a wound at imposing of the bandages, insufficient supply of the damaged site by oxygen and, as result, delay of destruction of pathogenic bacteria in fabrics (delay of phagocytosis) can become the reason of a secondary infection.

Extremely dangerous infections in lacerations, abrasion wounds, wounds with not remoted necrotic fabric are represented. In such wounds the damp chamber can be formed, and because of leaky suitable bandage it is untimely to leave exudate, sated with bacteria.

Unfortunately, at wound preprocessing it is difficult to assume, where occurrence of a secondary infection is possible – until unequivocal symptoms of infection development appear. Such displays as the raised temperature, growing  pain in a wound, the irritation and extending reddening round a wound – are signs of development of an infection.

Eplun`s aim on prevention of wound infection. Eplun has high antimicrobic activity. The reason for it are lanthanoids, a part of Eplun.

LANTHANOIDS RAISE PHAGOCYTOSIC ACTIVITY OF BLOOD LEUKOCYTES.

Phagocytosis is process at which special blood and fabrics cells of an organism (phagocytes) grasp digest activators of infectious diseases and the died cells.

Phagocytosic activity of blood leukocytes leads to fast clarification of a wound from pathogenic microorganisms: leukocytes start to destroy bacteria more actively, and Eplun doesn't stop the access of oxygen to a wound zone. Thus, application of Eplun at treatment of wounds, burns, is possible to consider as a medication for local increase of the immune status of the patient.

Eplun  is not toxic, made without application of antibiotic, hormonal means. Especially important it becomes at processing of the infected wounds with a considerable zone of defeat. Eplun is effective also at following traumas: a sun burn, a thermal burn, a burn with boiled water, a burn with ferry.

 

WOUNDS TYPES.

Depending on character of the damaging factor, a wound it is possible to divide into following types: Mechanical, Burn, Chronic (trophic ulcers of a skin). In the presence of several kinds of damaging factors it is accepted to name a wound combined.

MECHANICAL WOUNDS.

Mechanical wounds (wound of a traumatic origin) can be divided on:

1. The abrasion concerns a superficial wound. At abrasions Epidermis and the top layer of Dermis is affected. As Epidermis possesses own regeneration, such wounds heal without hems. Abrasions can be treated effectively in home conditions or out-patient. The abrasion should be washed out carefully to remove pollution. At abrasions treatment, the seminontight bandages, which are not sticking to a wound, should be used.

2. Incised wounds are made with a sharp subject in a longitudinal direction. Not only Epidermis, Dermis can be damaged, but also underlaying fabrics. Fabrics surrounding a wound are damaged not strongly. Edges of incised wounds rather smooth, damage is characterized by a moderate pain, a gaping and the expressed bleeding. Incised wounds can be healed with a primary tension even without sutures at edges distance from each other less than on 1 sm. At first-aid treatment of ancised wound it is necessary to examine wound, remove alien subjects from a wound, to apply a bactericidal bandage.

3. Puncture wounds are one of the most artful kinds of wounds. Puncture wounds are put by a narrow sharp subject (sewed, a needle, a nail) and at the small area of external defeat of an integument have big depth. At puncture wounds surrounding fabrics aren't damaged, but damage of deep structures (nerves, vessels, organs), internal bleedings is possible. The external bleeding and a pain are thus usually insignificant. Puncture wounds are dangerous because of high risk of development of anaerobic infections (one of the most difficult infections, for example tetanus Clostridium tetani). As puncture wounds are the closed type of wounds, wound separation doesn't leave a wound, remains in a wound, that forms favorable conditions to infection development. In most cases the patient is necessary for hospitalizing.

4. Bruise wounds are put by a blunt subject. The wide zone of damage of surrounding fabrics with necrosis development is characteristic. The bruise wound is accompanied by a severe pain. The external bleeding is absent or small, large vessels and nerves are damaged seldom.

5. Crush wounds. Arise at blow with a blunt subject with the big force. To such wounds all signs of bruise wounds are characteristic, but the necrosis zone is even bigger, smash of deep fabrics, crises of bones occurs.

6. Lacerations are made with a blunt subject in a sliding direction. To this kind of wounds rough edges, exfoliation and skin necrosis are characteristic. Feature of lacerations is the small bleeding. It is explained with the rupture of arteries covers with their wraparound inside. A typical example of a laceration – damages during car crash and a separation of extremities. At drawing of a laceration the victim is urgently hospitalized, obligatory preventive maintenance of a tetanus is done, primary surgical processing of a wound and system antibacterial therapy.

7. Chopped wounds are put with a heavy sharp subject and combine properties of incised and bruise wounds. Deep and extensive damages of surrounding fabrics, crises of bones, crush of the edges, the expressed painful syndrome and a gaping, a moderate bleeding are characteristic.

8. Bite wounds. Result from a sting of an animal or the person. Can have considerable depth at the small area of defeat. The bitten wounds are infected with virulent microflora (viruses), often accompanied by development of a purulent or putrefactive infection, hit in a wound of toxins of animals, a furiousness virus is possible.

9. Ballistic wounds. Wounds from bullets, splinters, shrapnel shell have essential differences from other wounds. For bullet wounds presence of three zones of damage is characteristic: destruction zones (wound channel), zones of direct traumatic necrosis (a bruise of surrounding fabrics from influence of energy of lateral blow) and zones of molecular concussion. The wound channel can have an indirect course, damage of several cavities of an organism, damage of the most different bodies is possible. Besides, foreign matters and organisms get to a bullet wound as a result of negative pressure at formation of wound channel, but without suppuration signs – contaminated wounds. Ballistic wounds can be done with bullet, fragmental and wounds in fraction.

 

Eplun is effective as first aid at wounds. Immediate application of Eplun after wound formation, leads to fast healing of wounds.

Eplun possesses such necessary properties at first-aid treatment:

- Antibacterial action (raises phagocytosis activity of leukocytes);
- Tearing away maintenance of necrosis fabrics;
- Seater anesthesia.

Attention! Eplun possesses anticoagulant properties (reaction inhibitor of prothrombin synthesis): oppresses activity of curtailing system of blood and interferes with formation of blood clots. Therefore Eplun isn't recommended to put on a bleeding wound.

 

BURNS. KINDS OF BURNS.

BURN is defeat of fabrics (integuments or mucous membranes) under the influence of various factors: high temperature (thermal burns), chemical substances (chemical burns), ultra-violet or ionizing radiation (a beam burn), an electric current (an electric burn).

BURN. DEGREES OF THE BURN.

Trauma burden at thermal burn is defined first of all by depth and the area of thermal defeat:

Burn of I degree (epidermic burn): reddening (hyperaemia) and small puffiness. Epidermis is hurt only. Treatment with bandages or in an open way. Hospitalization is needed at a burn more than 15 % of a surface of a body.

Burn of II degree (superficial dermic burn): occurrence of the "bubbles" filled serous contain. Peeling of Epidermis. Epidermis and top layers of Dermis is hurt.
Out-patient treatment is supposed if the area of a burn less than 10 % and significant places (face, neck, a perineum) aren't hurt. But hospitalization depending on the area of a burn, its arrangement, and also age of the patient is possible.

Burn of IIIА degree: Diagnosed with a thin mobile scab and the large bubbles filled with serous contents with intensive yellow painting. Epidermis and Dermis to a mesh layer is hurt. But intact the burn still has follicles, sweat glands, fat bags which will initiate epithalising of wounds. Burns of IIIА degree are called boundary as defeat has no uniform character on all surface. The burn can go deep into underlaying fabrics, including at the expense of an infection. Victims with diagnosed burn of IIIА degree can be treated out-patient, if the surface of a burn doesn't exceed 5 % of the area of a body and anatomic significant places aren't hurt.

Burn of IIIB degree: the skin for all thickness is hurt: to a hypodermically-fatty cellulose. On a surface the scab of brown color is formed. Demands operative treatment.

Burn of IV degree: the skin on all depth is hurt and subject fabrics are destroyed. The hypodermically-fatty cellulose, muscles and bones chars. It is diagnosed on the dense dark brown or black scab soldered to underlaying fabrics. Demands operative treatment.

 BURN ILLNESS. CLINICAL SYNDROMES.

In burn illness it is possible to allocate four clinical syndromes: Burn shock, the Intoxication, the Infection, recovery. Between these syndromes there are no sharp borders.

BURN SHOCK. Arises as the result of nervously-reflex and nervously-endocrine organism reaction. As a result of strong inflammatory process the central and peripheral blood supply is broken, permeability of vascular and cellular membranes raises, the volume of circulating blood with infringement of a parity of it`s uniform elements and plasmas (hypovolemia) decreases, there is an exit of plasma from a vascular channel and plasma loss through burn wounds.

Plasma loss at burn shock depends on depth and the burn area. So at superficial burns plasma loss is observed mainly outside, and at deep burns plasma leaves in surrounding fabrics and hypostasis appears. At a burn liquid evaporation through the damaged skin, leading to the big loss of a liquid from an organism of the victim considerably increases. Liquid loss reduces weight of circulating blood therefore the glomerular filtration of urine sharply worsens.

Burn shock is observed, usually, within 2-3 days.

It is possible to carry to signs of burn shock: the raised or braked condition, in hard cases consciousness confused or is absent; decrease of pulse arterial pressure, reduction of quantity of urine separated by kidneys (oliguria), vomiting, thirst, a fever, a muscular shiver.

INTOXICATION. As a result of occurrence in an organism of the victim toxic products, partly oxidarated connections, fabrics of bacteria comes the period sharp burn toxemia. Body temperature raises, there is a loss of appetite with development of signs of internal toxic defeat (toxicmyocarditis, a hepatitis).

During this period it is necessary to carry out actions on active detoxification (forced diurese, plasmapheresis, hamosorbtion).

INFECTION. At the third stage of burn illness the infection starts to progress. Infringement of a metabolism and immunity easing generates an organism infection. The infection considerably complicates a current wound process – supports an intoxication, suppresses regenerative processes in fabrics, can hurt various organs.

RECONVALESCENCE (recovery). Comes from the moment of full closing of granulating wounds. The important factor of recovery is operative closing of burn wounds.

 

The medication Eplun is effective at all stages of burn illness. Eplun reduces a pain in the burn center blocking irritation of the damaged nervous terminations in a defeat zone, closes a burn from surrounding and infection influence, doesn't allow an organism to lose a liquid through a burn wound.

Eplun reduces receipt in victim`s blood of products of disintegration of the lifeless fabrics, prevents an intoxication. At the big areas of a burn medication application doesn't lead to toxic defeat by the compounding – Eplun isn't toxic, has no hormonal components as a part.

Eplun operates as antiseptics, preventing an infection of a burn wound (both at first aid, and as protection against a secondary infection), eliminates a skin itch.

 

PROBLEMS OF BURNS TREATMENT.

FIRST AID AT BURNS. A task of burns treatment is preservation of victim`s life and integument restoration. Thereupon a pre-medical help rendering is important:

ACTUALLY BURN TREATMENT. At the further treatment by the doctor following actions are appointed:

 

WOUND HEALING. WOUND PROCESS.

PHASES OF CURRENT WOUND PROCESS (M.I.Kuzin's Classification).

After drawing of damage to integument fabrics wound process is started– process of wound healing. Without dependence from a wound origin – mechanical, thermal, beam, chemical, etc. - healing goes according to certain laws and includes three phases which are blocked and don't follow strictly one another:



INFLAMMATION PHASE. In this phase the organism reacts to wound formation by vascular reactions on a stop of bleeding and a fibrillation: there is an allocation of biologically active substances which cause narrowing of vessels, and the blood clot stops a bleeding. Inflammatory reaction begins and there is a whole cascade of organism reactions on damage:

At infection occurrence in wound leukocytes continue to arrive for bacterial clearing of a wound.

Value of oxygen at inflammatory process. Destruction of bacteria and dead fabrics at phagocytosis are possible only in the presence of oxygen. Therefore sufficient receipt of oxygen in a wound is extremely important factor for prevention of infection development in wound.

The inflammation is characterized by following symptoms: reddening, rise in temperature, a tumor, a pain.
The requirement to medications for wounds treatment in an inflammation phase: antibacterial action, dehydrating ability, tearing away maintenance of necrosis fabrics, local anesthesia.

*Antimicrobial activity of Eplun promotes fast clarification of a wound from pathogenic microorganisms.

*Dehydrating activity of Eplun is 13,5 times bigger, than at "standard" hypertensive solution NaCl. It provides intensive outflow of exudate from a wound in a bandage, reduces a hypostasis and infiltration of wound edges.

*Quick tearing away necrotic fabrics. Presence of alkaline components in Eplun structure promotes formation of alkaline aluminates, providing necrosis centers decreasing and their fast tearing away. Eplun interferes with formation of a dense scab with subject fabrics, "melts" necrotic fabrics which are easily left together with a bandage. High-boiling polyhydroxy compounds, a part of Eplun, interfere with drying of bandages, and, hence, their sticking to wound surface. At wounds audit change of bandages doesn't lead to additional trauma of wound surface.

*Local anesthetizing action. Eplun reduces painful sensations, itch, etc. It is connected with presence of medication thin layer on wound surfaces, protecting the sensitive nervous terminations of subject fabrics from irritation.

REGENERATION PHASE. In a regeneration proliferation - phase of fabric growth by reproduction of cells – prevails. In this phase the vascular system and a wound is restored filled with granulation fabric. In formation of granulation fabrics fibroblasts play a main role – cells of connecting fabric and an organism. Fibroblasts synthesize collagen and elastin.

If there are the hematomas in wound, which have died off fabrics, foreign matters and an infection - fibroblasts don't migrate in a wound. Therefore for formation of granulation fabrics timely clearing of a wound from bacteria, including forces of phagocytosis is very important.

The granulation fabric is a time fabric and is intended for wound filling and is necessary as a basis for cuticularization wounds.

The requirement to medications for wounds treatment in a regeneration phase: preventive maintenance of a secondary infection, protector action on growing granulations, optimization of wound humidity, stimulation of exchange processes.

 

Indications to  Eplun application in a regeneration phase:

*Effective preventive maintenance of a secondary infection. It is known that in the infected wounds рН of necrotic fabrics and wound separation is displaced in the sour part, that creates favorable conditions for development of pathogenic microflora. Eplun promotes preventive maintenance of suppurative processes as it has neutral рН value and, possessing the big buffer capacity, interferes wound separation рН displacement in sour area, that makes development of microorganisms colonies impossible.

*Humidity of wound surfaces optimization. Absence of a scab and presence of Eplun oily layer on wound surfaces create optimum humidity of a wound, that impact positive on formation and development of granulations and formation of edge epidermal regenerate.

 PHASE OF CUTICULARIZATION. In a phase of cuticularization the wound is filled with a connecting fabric and wounds cuticularization occurs.

At wound cuticularization in epidermis construction Basal layer cells take part. Under usual conditions their division is supervised with chalons. In the presence of damage chalons level decreases and epidermis restoration goes more actively. So epidermis construction at wound closing is carried out in two directions: at the expense of cells migration from wound edge in a longitudinal direction and, at basal layer formation, at the expense of basal layer cell fission - in a cross-section direction.

 

Action of Eplun in cuticularization phase optimizes process of wound counteractions (uniform concentric reduction of edges and wound walls).

Eplun as the catalyst of skin regeneration has an important effect for a fast wound tightening with epithelium, raises esthetic properties of a formed cicatricial fabric.

 

TYPES OF WOUND HEALING.

Healing by a primary tension is the type of wound healing with equal and viable edges, wih distance between each other no more than on 1sm. In such wounds there is no appreciable loss of fabrics and there are no foreign matters, there are no necrosis centers and hematomas, a wound is rather aceptical. The wounds, healing with a primary tension, are, as a rule, wounds from cuts, operational wounds. Can be closed by means of a seam or brackets. As a result of wound primary healing, the hem has originally red color because of a vessels abundance, and in process of healing becomes more light, than surrounding fabrics.

Healing with initially delayed seams is type of healing of the polluted, infected and traumatic wounds with high risk of a suppuration. At treatment of such wounds the surgeon releases a wound from necrotic fabrics and leaves its opened. In 4-6 days after the wound receives stability to an infection and formation of granulation fabrics begins, it is taken in. The wound heals a primary tension. Healing of wounds with initially delayed seams is widely applied in military medicine – at gunshot wounds, at treatment of car accidents wounds, for deep knife wounds.

         

Healing by a secondary tension is type of wounds healing with extensive zones of damage and walls, far from each other, not allowing them to reduce. At such wounds there are impractical fabrics, a hematoma. Wounds are infected. Wound healing by a secondary tension assumes formation of granulation fabrics on surfaces of a wound and hem formation.

         

Regenerative healing (healing under a scab) is type of wounds healing characterized by small depth of integument defeat of kept ростковом by a herm layer of a skin. Such wounds are still called epithelium or superficial. Wounds are healed under a scab – healing occurs at the expense of fast regeneration of epidermis.

 

Process of wound healing depends on external factors, a physical condition of the patient, and also specificity of conditions at which there is a healing. Thereupon it is possible to allocate the following factors influencing healing of a wound:

BANDAGES.

In medical practice of wounds treatment it is accepted to use two kinds of treatment: without a bandage and under a bandage.

Lack of treatment without a bandage – an open method of treatment - is scab formation (crusts on a wound). The scab represents formation on a wound surface of the curtailed blood, pus and necrotic fabrics. In spite of the fact that the scab protects a wound from hit of bacteria from the outside and on a measure epithalising disappears, it disturbs formation of a skin blanket– epithelium, leads to dehydration of  wound and to it`s slow healing. Especially it is important for the big areas of wounds.

For today it is considered the most preferable treatment of wounds in the damp environment. The damp environment interferes with scab formation, deletes from a wound exudate, doesn't dehydrate a wound and prevents a secondary infection of a wound.

The bandage is intended for long medical influence on a wound, provides optimum environment for healing, protection against mechanical damages and pollution. The wound will heal most successfully in the event that for its treatment the so-called Ideal bandage will be used.

The basic properties of an ideal bandage:

-exudate removal from a wound, support of the damp environment, temperatures, and acidities рН;

-permeability for oxygen, prevention of an wound infection;

-besides, the Ideal bandage shouldn't contain toxic components and easily depart from a wound, without damaging subject fabrics.

If to consider bandages with reference to three phases of wound process, the bandage should carry out following functions:

Bandage problems in the first phase of wound process: Removal superfluousexudate; destruction of bacteria, toxins, wound detritus, a dirt, foreign matters; Stimulation of clarification from necrosis;

Bandage problems in the second phase of wound process: Maintenance and regulation of the damp environment in a wound; Maintenance of adequate air-conditioning of a wound; Protection of granulation fabrics from mechanical damage at bandaging; Reliable protection against a secondary infection.

The bandages imposed in a phase of regeneration, should protect a wound and not injure it, not stick to a wound and regulate humidity of environment under a bandage in a wound, interfering both to drying, and superfluous humidity.

Bandage problems in the third phase of wound process: wound Maintenance in moderately damp condition; Protection of epithelium and a formed hem from mechanical damage at bandaging; regeneration Stimulation.

Epun with a bandage: supports the damp environment and wound temperature, prevents scab formation, provides access of oxygen to a wound, doesn't create obstacles for exudate removal from a wound in a bandage, prevents a wound infection. Eplun doesn't contain toxic components, antibiotic, hormonal and analgesic means, and the bandage with Eplun easily departs from a wound, without damaging the injured healing fabrics.